Ramadan in Indonesia and the Traditions That Make It Special

Ramadan in Indonesia is unlike anywhere else in the world. As the country with the largest Muslim population, Indonesia transforms entirely during this sacred month. The streets buzz with a different kind of energy, families reconnect over shared meals, and centuries-old traditions come alive, blending faith, culture, and community. From the vibrant Ramadan bazaars to the deeply spiritual homecoming exodus known as mudik, the Indonesian way of celebrating the month of Ramadan is something truly special.

If you’ve ever wondered what makes Ramadan in Indonesia so unique, let’s take a journey through the customs, traditions, and everyday moments that define this blessed month.

Also read: How to Apply for Indonesia Citizenship

Preparing for the Month of Ramadan

Before the first day of fasting even begins, Indonesians prepare their hearts, minds, and surroundings to welcome the holy month. This isn’t just about stocking up on food or adjusting sleep schedules, it’s a deeper, cultural and spiritual preparation that involves the entire community.

In many regions, people engage in bersih-bersih, a communal effort to clean mosques and homes as a symbol of purification. There’s a shared belief that Ramadan should start with a clean slate, both physically and spiritually. But the preparations go beyond mere tidying up.

In Java, families practice Nyadran, a tradition where they visit the graves of their ancestors, offer prayers, and reflect on life’s impermanence. Meanwhile, in West Sumatra, the Minangkabau people partake in Balimau, a purification ritual where they bathe in rivers infused with lime and fragrant herbs. Similarly, in Yogyakarta, the Padusan ritual serves the same purpose and that is cleansing oneself before embarking on a month of fasting and devotion.

 has itsEach region own way of welcoming the month, but they all share the same essence: a deep respect for tradition and a heartfelt preparation for spiritual growth.

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The Rhythm of Daily Life During Ramadan in Indonesia

Once Ramadan begins, daily life in Indonesia shifts into a new rhythm. The day starts early, before dawn, with sahur, the pre-fasting meal. Streets that are usually silent at this hour come alive with the voices of sahur patrols where groups of people walking around neighborhoods, banging drums and calling out reminders for everyone to wake up and eat before the fast begins.

As the sun rises, the hustle and bustle of daily life continues, but with a slightly slower pace. Offices, schools, and businesses adjust their schedules, allowing people to conserve energy and focus on their spiritual journey. Despite the fasting, there’s an undeniable sense of joy and togetherness that fills the air.

As the evening approaches, Indonesians engage in ngabuburit, a beloved Ramadan tradition where people pass the time before iftar, the breaking of the fast. This could mean strolling through Ramadan bazaars, hunting for delicious street food, or gathering with friends and family in parks and public spaces. The anticipation builds as the call to prayer finally signals maghrib, and people break their fast with takjil sweet treats like kolak, a dessert made from bananas and coconut milk, or a refreshing glass of es kelapa muda.

After iftar, mosques fill with worshippers for taraweeh prayers, a nightly ritual that brings communities together in devotion. For those seeking a deeper spiritual experience, the last ten nights of Ramadan are especially significant, with many people engaging in itikaf, spending the night in mosques in quiet prayer and reflection.

Eid Al-Fitr, The Grand Finale of Ramadan in Indonesia

As Ramadan comes to an end, the excitement builds for Lebaran, the Indonesian term for Eid al-Fitr. One of the most defining aspects of this celebration is mudik, the great homecoming tradition where millions of Indonesians leave the cities and return to their hometowns to celebrate with family. This mass migration is so significant that it causes one of the largest human movements in the world, bringing the nation to a near standstill.

The night before Eid, the air is filled with the sound of takbiran, as people chant praises to God in mosques and on the streets, often accompanied by drum parades. The following morning, families gather for the special Eid prayer, dressed in new clothes symbolizing renewal and purity.

The celebrations continue with a grand feast featuring dishes like ketupat (diamond-shaped rice cakes wrapped in palm leaves), opor ayam (chicken cooked in coconut milk), and rendang (a slow-cooked, spicy beef dish). Children receive THR (Tunjangan Hari Raya), or holiday allowances, while visits to neighbors and extended family strengthen community ties.

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The Spirit of Generosity and Charity in Ramadan

Ramadan in Indonesia is not just about personal devotion; it’s also about giving back to the community. Charity plays a crucial role with zakat fitrah, a form of obligatory almsgiving that ensures those in need can also partake in the celebrations. Mosques, organizations, and individuals work together to distribute food and financial aid, embodying the spirit of compassion and solidarity.

Beyond mandatory giving, acts of kindness and generosity are seen everywhere. From free food stalls offering takjil to strangers, to businesses reducing prices to help customers afford festive goods, the essence of Ramadan is reflected in the warmth and generosity of the people.

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For those who have never experienced it firsthand, visiting Indonesia during Ramadan is a chance to witness a nation transform in the most beautiful way. It’s a time of reflection, faith, and celebration of a month where the warmth of community and the richness of tradition make every moment special.

And for those who are far from home during this sacred time, staying connected with loved ones becomes even more meaningful. Whether it’s sending gifts, financial support, or simply ensuring your family can celebrate without worry, Transfez makes it easy to send money to more than 70 other countries quickly and securely